Understanding Policy Coherence and Interplay Governing Biodiversity Conservation and Associated Livelihood Practices in Karnali Province, Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3126/nppr.v2i1.48395Keywords:
wild life conservation, bio-diversity, policy coherence, Karnali Province, Biodiversity conservation, Policy gapAbstract
One of Nepal's most significant strategies for biodiversity protection is biodiversity conservation policy. Despite a significant paradigm shift in Nepalese policies and huge success in community-based conservation, conservation efficiency and proficiency remain low in Karnali. This pause results in ineffective policy implementation. Through a literature analysis, this study seeks to assess policy coherence and challenges within three levels of government conservation policies. The findings show that the components of central top-down non-participatory biodiversity conservation policies share consistent characteristics, such as the use of multiple policy tools, which can be either macro or micro, as well as short-term or long-term policies involving multiple actors at multiple levels. These policies often complement one another regarding the ownership, use, and management of natural resources, particularly forests. However, various findings have highlighted discrepancies, overlaps, and shortcomings in biodiversity protection and commonly shared resources. Despite global recognition as Important Bird Areas and the growing ecological concern of global and national conservation societies in Jajarkot, Jumla, Humla, Dolpa, and Kalikot, it is still not reflected fully in relevant federal policies. There is a lack of a specific policy agenda and responsive policies with federal, provincial, and local governments to promote its conservation. Hence, the paper's discussion considers active community participation as the applicable measure for integrated biodiversity conservation and development strategies with greater conservation impact.
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Legislations
Buffer Zone Regulation 1996
Constitution of Nepal 2015
Convention on Biodiversity, 1992
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973 Environment Protection Act 2019
Environment Protection Regulations 2020
Federation, Province and Local Level (Coordination and Inter-relation) Act 2020
Forest Act 2019
Forest Regulations 2022
Forestry Sector Strategy 2016-2025
Guidelines for Promotion and Development of NTFP-based Enterprises 2005
Herbs and NTFP Development Policy 2004
Hitech Nursery Establishment and Operation Procedure 2075
International Labour Organization (169), 1989
Karnali Province Forest Act 2022
Local Government Operation Act 2017
National Agro-Forests Policy 2019
National Forest Policy 2019
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Rules 1974
Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2020
Nursery management and operation Procedure 2022
Province Environmental Act 2077
Province Environmental Regulation 2077
Wildlife Damage Relief Support Directives 2013
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